Voice Disorder, Job Stress, and COVID-19 in Teachers: Impacts in Times of Pandemic

Introduction: The conditions of teachers' work during the COVID-19 pandemic affected teachers' lives regarding voice disorder and stress, even in emergency remote classroom situation. Objective: To analyze the relationship between the presence of voice disorder, job stress, and COVID-19 in teachers when in emergency remote classroom teaching situation at the time of the pandemic. Method: This is a primary, exploratory, observational cross-sectional study with the use of survey forwarded online during the period of emergency classes after the arrival of COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. The teachers answered the sociodemographic questions about the presence of COVID-19 and the following instruments: Condition of Vocal Production-Teacher [Condição de Produção Vocal - Professor (CPV-P)], Screening Index for Voice Disorder (SIVD), and Job Stress Scale (JSS). Results: Of the 118 teachers analyzed, 94.1% were female; the average age was 44 years. The SIVD recorded the presence of voice disorder in 66.9% of the participants. Regarding the JSS, which are the findings related to stress at work in the demand domain, the teachers showed high levels, a fact which presupposes the existence of pressure of psychological nature to perform their work. Conclusion: The teachers self-reported the presence of voice disorder even in remote class situation, on the occasion of COVID-19, which were more common in older teachers. When comparing the presence of voice disorders, coronavirus symptoms, and stress domains in relation to demand, control, and social support, there was no significance. It is hoped that this study will help to reflect on the need to improve teachers' working conditions, strengthening work-related voice disorder actions and guiding actions for vocal care and well-being.

Introducción: Las condiciones de trabajo de los profesores durante la pandemia de COVID-19 afectaron sus vidas en lo que respecta al trastorno de la voz y el estrés, incluso en situaciones de emergencia en aulas remotas. Objetivo: Analizar la relación entre la presencia de trastorno de la voz, estrés laboral y COVID-19 en profesores cuando se encontraban en situación de emergencia de enseñanza en aulas remotas en la época de la pandemia. Método: Se trata de un estudio primario, exploratorio, observacional de tipo transversal, con el uso de encuesta remitida online durante el periodo de clases de emergencia tras la llegada de la pandemia de COVID-19 en Brasil. Los profesores respondieron a las preguntas sociodemográficas sobre la presencia de COVID-19 y a los siguientes instrumentos: Condición de Producción Vocal-Profesor (CPV-P), Índice de Detección de los Trastornos de la Voz (SIVD) y Escala de Estrés Laboral (JSS). Resultados: De los 118 profesores analizados, el 94,1% eran mujeres; la mediana de edad era de 44 años. El (SIVD) registró la presencia de trastorno de la voz en el 66,9% de los participantes. En cuanto a la JSS, que son los hallazgos relacionados con el estrés laboral en el dominio de la demanda, los profesores mostraron niveles elevados, hecho que presupone la existencia de presiones de naturaleza psicológica para realizar su trabajo. Conclusión: Los profesores autoinformaron de la presencia de trastornos de la voz incluso en situación de clase a distancia, con ocasión del COVID-19, que fueron más frecuentes en los profesores de más edad. Al comparar la presencia de trastornos de la voz, los síntomas del coronavirus y los dominios de estrés en relación con la demanda, el control y el apoyo social, no hubo resultados significativos. Se espera que este estudio ayude a reflexionar sobre la necesidad de mejorar las condiciones de trabajo de los docentes, fortaleciendo las acciones de Trastorno de la voz relacionado con el trabajo (WRVD) y orientando acciones para el cuidado y bienestar vocal.

Unpacking gender-specific risk and protective factors for mental health status among Congolese refugees in Uganda.

Background: Research indicates refugees from the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), particularly females, have a higher incidence of mental health problems compared to the global norm for conflict-affected populations.Objective: This study aimed to unpack gender differences in the mental health of Congolese refugees by examining specific risk (trauma exposure, adaptation challenges, and discrimination) and protective factors (marital status, literacy, and social resources) in relation to posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) and depression. Method: Utilizing systematic random sampling, we surveyed 667 adult refugees (370 females, 297 males) in the Kyaka II refugee settlement in Western Uganda. A multi-group path analysis was conducted, initially allowing for variance between genders and subsequently comparing a constrained model, where paths were set equal across groups.Results: The unconstrained model presented an excellent fit to the data. When paths were set to be equal across groups, the decline in model fit, confirmed by a chi-square difference test, indicated differences in the model for males and females. A series of Z-tests were used to compare individual paths. Experiencing discrimination was a stronger risk factor for depression among men, whereas a history of rape was more strongly associated with depression for females. Being literate and a member of a social group in the settlement were stronger protective factors for depression among men, whereas living with a partner and a felt sense of connection to their community was more important for women. Associations between risk and protective factors and PTSS were more similar across groups, only membership in a group was significantly moderated by gender; with group membership being more impactful for males.Conclusion: The results highlight similarities and differences in predictors of distress for male and female Congolese refugees and point to potential avenues for tailoring programming to be gender sensitive.

This research identified key differences in how specific traumatic experiences and social factors correlate with psychological distress for male and female Congolese refugees, underscoring the need for tailored support strategies.The study reveals that while discrimination is a stronger predictor of depression in men, experiences of rape are more closely linked to depression in women. Conversely, social factors like literacy and group membership offer more protection to men, whereas relationship status and community connection are more protective for women.The findings shed light on the importance of gender-sensitive mental health and psychosocial support interventions.

SESSAMO, follow-up of secondary students to assess mental health and obesity: a cohort study.

During last decades, a departure from health-related lifestyles has been observed among adolescents. Evidence reports that healthy lifestyles could be predictors of better mental health status. The aims of the SESSAMO Project are: 1) to assess the association between lifestyles and physical and mental health; 2) to assess how self-concept and stressful life events can modulate these associations; and 3) to establish the role of social determinants in the lifestyle and in adolescents' health. The SESSAMO Project is a prospective cohort carried out in Spain. Students aged 14-16 years (2nd-4th ESO) and their parents are invited to participate. Baseline data are collected through on-line, validated, self-administered questionnaires through a digital platform. Information on lifestyles, stressful life events and self-concept are collected. Screening of depression, anxiety, eating disorders, suicide risk, psychotic experiences and COVID impact is assessed. Every three years, up to age of 25, participants will be contacted again to update relevant information.

A longitudinal study of risk and protective factors for symptoms of adjustment disorder during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic caused multiple stressors that may lead to symptoms of adjustment disorder.Objective: We longitudinally examined relationships between risk and protective factors, pandemic-related stressors and symptoms of adjustment disorder during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as whether these relationships differed by the time of assessment.Method: The European Society for Traumatic Stress Studies (ESTSS) ADJUST Study included N = 15,169 participants aged 18 years and above. Participants from 11 European countries were recruited and screened three times at 6-month intervals from June 2020 to January 2022. Associations between risk and protective factors (e.g. gender), stressors (e.g. fear of infection), and symptoms of adjustment disorder (AjD, ADNM-8) and their interaction with time of assessment were examined using mixed linear regression.Results: The following predictors were significantly associated with higher AjD symptom levels: female or diverse gender; older age; pandemic-related news consumption >30 min a day; a current or previous mental health disorder; trauma exposure before or during the pandemic; a good, satisfactory or poor health status (vs. very good); burden related to governmental crisis management and communication; fear of infection; restricted social contact; work-related problems; restricted activity; and difficult housing conditions. The following predictors were associated with lower AjD levels: self-employment or retirement; working in healthcare; and face-to-face contact ≥ once a week with loved ones or friends. The effects of the following predictors on AjD symptoms differed by the time of assessment in the course of the pandemic: a current or previous mental disorder; burden related to governmental crisis management; income reduction; and a current trauma exposure.Conclusions: We identified risk factors and stressors predicting AjD symptom levels at different stages of the pandemic. For some predictors, the effects on mental health may change at different stages of a pandemic.

We longitudinally examined predictors of symptoms of adjustment disorder in 15,563 adults during the COVID-19 pandemic.We found stressors, risk, and protective factors predicting adjustment disorder symptom levels at different stages of the pandemic.For some predictors, the effects appear to change in different phases of a pandemic.

Definición, descripción y conceptualización en la psicoterapia. Una visión desde las ciencias comportamentales y evidencias

In this document, psychotherapeutic practice is described from a perspective of science and evidence, using as an instrument the definitions, descriptions, and conceptualizations subsequently supported by a naturalistic and non-mediational position. Starting from the conception with psychotherapy free of union biases or any particular approach. First, a description of what it is and its phases is addressed. Then, conceptualizations in psychotherapy of personal and social problems and procedures were established. Finally, this document concludes based on the criteria proposed by the (American Psychological Association (APA), 2006) and the Plan for Comprehensive Action on Mental Health (World Health Organization, 2013) for a practice based on evidence.

En el presente documento, se describe la práctica psicoterapéutica desde una perspectiva de la ciencias y evidencias, usando como instrumento definiciones, descripciones y conceptualizaciones apoyado posteriormente por una postura naturalista y no mediacional. Partiendo desde una concepción de la psicoterapia libre de sesgos gremiales o desde alguna aproximación particular. Primero, se aborda una descripción sobre qué es y sus fases. Luego, se establecen las conceptualizaciones en psicoterapia, de problema personal y social y de procedimientos. Finalmente se concluye con el presente documento a partir de los criterios propuestos por la (American Psychological Association (APA), 2006) y el Plan para la acción integral sobre salud mental  (Organización Mundial para la Salud, 2013) para una práctica basada en la evidencia.

Psychotropic medicine use without current or prior medical advice, storage at home and association with perceived stress in a primary health care setting in Greece / Uso de medicamentos psicotrópicos sin consejo médico actual o previo, almacenamiento en el hogar y asociación con estrés percibido en un entorno de atención primaria en Grecia

Objective: Psychotropic medicines use alters according to socio-economic factors and perceived stress. The study aimed to assess the prevalence of use of psychotropic medicines and supplements (PMS) without medical advice, including storage at home, and its relationship with socio-demographic characteristics and perceived stress in primary care patients. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional sample of adult attendees in an urban primary care unit in Crete, Greece, were surveyed during regularly scheduled appointments during a three-week period in October 2020. A questionnaire was distributed to investigate PMS use during the last 12 months. The validated Greek version of Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-14) was adopted to measure perceived stress. Results: Of 263 respondents (mean age 46.3±14.5 years; 66.5% females), 101 (38.4%; 95%CI 33.1–43.7%) recalled having psychotropic medicines stored at home cabinets and 72 (27.4%; 95%CI 22.4–32.3%) reported using PMS without medical advice in the last 12 months. Conclusions: This study revealed a high prevalence of PMS use without medical advice, including storage at home. People>59 years of age, experiencing irregular sleep and scoring high in PSS, displayed increased prevalence of storing PMS at home or using them without medical advice. The findings could potentially inform primary care providers to focus on patients most likely to be users of PMS without medical advice.(AU)

Objetivo: El uso de medicamentos psicotrópicos cambia según los factores socioeconómicos y el estrés percibido. El estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la prevalencia de uso de medicamentos y suplementos psicotrópicos (MSP) sin consejo médico, incluido el almacenamiento en el hogar y su relación con las características sociodemográficas y el estrés inferido en pacientes de atención primaria. Materiales y métodos: Se encuestó a una muestra transversal de asistentes adultos en una Unidad de Atención Primaria Urbana en Crete, Grecia, durante citas programadas regularmente durante un periodo de tres semanas en Octubre de 2020. Se distribuyó un cuestionario para investigar el uso de MSP durante los últimos 12 meses. Se adoptó la versión griega validada de la Escala de Estrés Percibido (Perceived Stress Scale 14, PSS-14) para medir el estrés percibido. Resultado: De 263 encuestados (edad media 46,3 ± 14,5 años; 66,5% mujeres), 101 (38,4%; IC 95%; 33,1-43,7%) recordaban tener medicamentos psicotrópicos almacenados en los armarios de sus casas y 72 (27,4%; IC 95%; 22,4-32,3%) informó haber usado MSP sin consejo médico en los últimos 12 meses. Conclusiones: Este estudio reveló una alta prevalencia de uso de MSP sin consejo médico, incluido el almacenamiento en el hogar. Las personas mayores de 59 años, que experimentaron sueño irregular y puntuaron alto en PSS, mostraron una mayor prevalencia de almacenar MSP en casa o usarlos sin consejo médico. Los hallazgos podrían informar potencialmente a los proveedores de atención primaria para que se centren en los pacientes con mayor probabilidad de usar MSP sin consejo médico.(AU)

Bienestar emocional, percepciones y actitudes frente a la COVID-19 en adolescentes / Emotional well-being, perceptions and attitudes against COVID-19 on adolescents

Introducción: La pandemia mundial por SARS-CoV-2 ha ocasionado un gran impacto en la vida de los adolescentes afectando el bienestar infanto-juvenil, sin embargo, existe escasa evidencia del efecto que ha tenido a nivel emocional en esta población. Objetivo: Explorar los conocimientos, percepciones y actitudes de los jóvenes frente a la COVID-19 y el impacto provocado en el bienestar emocional. Material y método: Estudio observacional transversal y descriptivo, a partir de una encuesta realizada a alumnos de 16-20 años de cinco institutos del área metropolitana de Barcelona. Resultados: El estudio se efectuó sobre 291 encuestas. De los participantes, 56,7% fueron mujeres. La edad media fue de 16,8 años y la mediana de 17 años. Se detectó un mayor desconocimiento sobre la transmisión de la enfermedad. Las fuentes de información más utilizadas fueron las redes sociales. En cuanto al malestar emocional, destaca la preocupación por enfermar (64%), los problemas económicos familiares (46%), la ansiedad e irritabilidad (27%) y la apatía (26,5%). Se detectan diferencias entre géneros en cuanto a la preocupación (mujeres: 28,8%, hombres: 11,1%), tristeza (mujeres: 29,3%, hombres: 15,5%) y sensación de tener miedo (mujeres: 24,5%, hombres 11%). De los sujetos, 16,7% consultaron con un profesional de salud mental, siendo más frecuente en mujeres (23,8%, hombres: 7,4%). Conclusiones: La COVID-19 ha afectado el bienestar emocional de los adolescentes, sobre todo en la población femenina. Se detecta un mayor uso de las redes sociales para evitar el aislamiento social. Los resultados del estudio pueden ayudar a diseñar estrategias para evitar malestares futuros en el ámbito biopsicosocial.(AU)

Introduction: The worldwide pandemic of SARS-Cov2 has had a great impact on the lives of adolescents, affecting their health and well-being. There is little evidence of the emotional impact of the pandemic on adolescents. Objectiv: To explore the knowledge, perceptions, and attitudes of young people regarding COVID-19 and its impact on emotional well-being. Method: A cross-sectional observational and descriptive study based on a survey of students aged 16–20 from five high schools in Barcelona metropolitan area. Results: The study was carried out on 291 surveys. Females made up 56.7% of the population. The average age was 16.9 years. A greater lack of knowledge about the transmission of the disease was detected. The most frequently used sources of information were social networks. In terms of emotional distress, the most important aspects were worry about getting sick (64%), family financial problems (46%), anxiety and irritability (27%), and apathy (26.5%). Gender differences were detected in terms of worries (women: 28.8%; men: 11.1%), sadness (women: 29.3%, men: 15.5%), and feelings of fear (women: 24.5%; men: 11%). 16.7% of the participants consulted a mental health professional, with this being more common in women (women: 23.8%; men: 7.4%). Conclusions: COVID-19 has affected the emotional well-being of adolescents, especially the female population. It is necessary to implement emotional well-being strategies in early childhood to cope with possible stressful situations in daily life and avoid future mental health problems. There is a growing use of social media to combat social isolation. The results of the study hold the potential to strategies aimed at preempting forthcoming biopsychosocial distress.(AU)

Salud Mental en enfermeras al cuidado de pacientes en área COVID: estudio de caso / Saúde mental dos enfermeiros que prestam cuidados a doentes na área da COVID: um estudo de caso / Mental Health in nurses caring for patients in the COVID area: case study

La enfermería es la labor que abarca la atención autónoma apersonas de todas las edades, familias, grupos y comunidades,la principal característica y esencia es el cuidado, implicaestablecer una relación de comprensión y acompañamiento demanera integral, convirtiéndolos en los principales cuidadoresformales en la asistencia, lo que pone de manifiesto lanecesidad de mirar su salud mental y bienestar del personalde enfermería. El objetivo fue describir el impacto en la saludmental de un profesional de la enfermería en la atencióna pacientes del área COVID en tiempos de pandemia, enel periodo 2022-2023. Se realizó un estudio cualitativo,primero mediante el análisis documental y posteriormentemediante el método fenomenológico, descriptivo con baseen el estudio de caso, considerando la temporalidad en tresmomentos, antes, durante y después de la pandemia porCOVID. Los hallazgos dan constancia, de cambios e impactosa nivel biológico, psicológico, social y espiritual que derivanen afectaciones en salud mental que se experimentaron,y, por otro lado, de la escasez acciones para dotar a losprofesionales de la salud de un acompañamiento, capacitacióny sensibilización en salud mental para la mejora de su labory bienestar personal.(AU)

A enfermagem é o trabalho que engloba o cuidado autônomoa pessoas de todas as idades, famílias, grupos e comunidades,a principal caraterística e essência é o cuidado, envolveo estabelecimento de uma relação de compreensão eacompanhamento de forma integral, tornando-os osprincipais cuidadores formais no cuidado, o que destaca anecessidade de olhar para sua saúde mental e bem-estar daequipe de enfermagem. O objetivo foi descrever o impactona saúde mental de um profissional de enfermagem nocuidado de pacientes na área da COVID em tempos depandemia, no período de 2022-2023. Realizou-se um estudoqualitativo, primeiro por meio de análise documental edepois pelo método fenomenológico, descritivo baseadono estudo de caso, considerando a temporalidade em trêsmomentos, antes, durante e após a pandemia da COVID. Osachados evidenciam mudanças e impactos a nível biológico,psicológico, social e espiritual que conduzem às afetaçõesde saúde mental vivenciadas e, por outro lado, a escassezde ações de acompanhamento, formação e sensibilizaçãoem saúde mental para os profissionais de saúde, com vistaà melhoria do seu trabalho e bem-estar pessoal.(AU)

Nursing is the work that encompasses autonomous care topeople of all ages, families, groups and communities, themain characteristic and essence is care, it involves establishinga relationship of understanding and accompaniment in a comprehensive manner, making them the main formalcaregivers in assistance, which highlights the need to lookat their mental health and well-being of the nursing staff. Theobjective was to describe the impact on the mental health of anursing professional in the care of patients in the COVID areain times of pandemic, in the period 2022-2023. A qualitativestudy was conducted, first through documentary analysisand then through the phenomenological method, descriptivebased on the case study, considering the temporality in threemoments, before, during and after the COVID pandemic.The findings provide evidence of changes and impacts atthe biological, psychological, social and spiritual levels thatresult in mental health affectations that were experienced,and, on the other hand, of the scarcity of actions to providehealth professionals with accompaniment, training andsensitization in mental health to improve their work andpersonal wellbeing.(AU)

Salud Mental en estudiantes universitarios en aislamiento social durante la pandemia COVID-19. Arequipa, Perú

Introducción: La Pandemia COVID-19, ha tenido impactos negativos en la salud física y mental de las personas, así como las medidas adoptadas por los gobiernos, para prevenir el contagio masivo de la población como el confinamiento, el aislamiento social, el trabajo y educación virtual. Dentro de los afectados por estos cambios, se encontrarían los estudiantes universitarios del área de la salud, que además de estudiar en estas condiciones de pandemia, no han podido hacer sus prácticas de los servicios de salud. Esta situación de exposición al aislamiento, podría afectar la salud mental de los jóvenes estudiantes universitarios. Objetivo: determinar los niveles de depresión, ansiedad y estrés en estudiantes universitarios y su relación con variables sociodemográficas y las características del aislamiento social durante la Pandemia COVID-19. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, observacional, de corte transversal y cuantitativo, con una muestra de 818 estudiantes universitarios de facultades de ciencias de la salud, mediante el cuestionario autoadministrado DASS-21. Resultados: Los principales hallazgos fueron: una mayor prevalencia en niveles altos (severos y extremadamente severos) en la ansiedad, alcanzado casi a 4 de cada 10 de los evaluados; por otro lado, en depresión y el estrés, 2 de cada 10 de los evaluados, se encontraron en los niveles mencionados. En relación con las variables sociodemográficas, las relacionadas con el COVID-19 y aislamiento social, se hallaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas con el género (mujeres > varones), el haber tenido COVID-19 (Sí > No) y vivir con familiares como antes de la pandemia (Sí > No) obtuvieron en promedio mayores puntajes en depresión, ansiedad y estrés. Conclusión: Los estudiantes que presentaron mayor depresión, ansiedad y estrés con una diferencia significativa fueron de género femenino, con antecedentes de haber tenido Covid-19, menor contacto con familiares y haber cumplido con aislamiento social total.

Introduction: The COVID-19 Pandemic has had negative impacts on the physical and mental health of people, as well as the measures adopted by governments to prevent the massive contagion of the population, such as confinement, social isolation, virtual work, and virtual education. Among those affected by these changes would be university students in the health area who, in addition to studying in these pandemic conditions, have been unable to do their health service practices. This situation of exposure to isolation could affect the mental health of young university students. Objective: To determine the levels of depression, anxiety, and stress in university students, their relationship with sociodemographic variables, and the characteristics of social isolation during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Methods: A descriptive, observational, cross-sectional, and quantitative study was carried out with a sample of 818 university students from health sciences faculties using the DASS-21 self-administered questionnaire. Results: The main findings were a higher prevalence of high levels (severe and highly severe) in anxiety, reaching almost 4 out of 10 of those evaluated; On the other hand, in depression and stress, 2 out of 10 of those evaluated were found at the mentioned levels. Concerning the sociodemographic variables, those related to COVID-19 and social isolation, statistically significant differences were found with gender (women > men), having had COVID-19 (Yes > No), and living with relatives as before. On average, the pandemic (Yes > No) obtained higher scores in depression, anxiety, and stress. Conclusion: The students who presented greater depression, anxiety, and stress with a significant difference were female, with a history of having had Covid-19, less contact with family members, and having complied with total social isolation

Childhood adversity in a youth psychiatric population: prevalence and associated mental health problems.

Background: Childhood adversity can have lasting negative effects on physical and mental health. This study contributes to the existing literature by describing the prevalence rates and mental health outcomes related to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) among adolescents registered for mental health care.Methods: Participants in this cross-sectional study were youths (aged 12-18 years) who were referred to outpatient psychiatric departments in the Netherlands. Demographic information was collected from the medical records. The Child Trauma Screening Questionnaire (CTSQ) was used to examine the presence of ACEs and posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). To assess mental health problems, we used the Dutch translation of the Youth Self Report. Descriptive statistics and frequencies were used to calculate prevalence rates across the various ACEs domains. ANOVA and chi-square tests were used to explore the relationship between ACEs and mental health.Results: Of the 1373 participants, 69.1% reported having experienced at least one ACE and 17.1% indicated exposure to four or more ACEs in their lives. Although there was substantial overlap among all ACE categories, the most frequently reported were bullying (49.2%), emotional abuse (17.8%), physical abuse (12.2%), and sexual abuse (10.1%). Female adolescents (72.7%) reported significantly more ACEs than their male counterparts (27.0%). Furthermore, a higher number of ACEs was associated with significantly more self-reported general mental health problems, an elevated prevalence of both mood and post-traumatic stress disorders, and a greater presence of two or more co-existing psychiatric diagnoses (comorbid psychiatric classification).Conclusions: This cross-sectional study on childhood adversity and its association with mental health showed that ACEs are highly prevalent in youth registered for mental health care. This study provides support for a graded and cumulative relationship between childhood adversity and mental health problems.

This study investigated the prevalence of adverse childhood experiences and associated mental health problems among Dutch youth registered for mental health care. Almost seven out of ten patients reported having been exposed to childhood adversity, and two out of ten patients reported exposure to four or more adverse childhood experiences.The results indicated a significant association between exposure to childhood adversity and mental health problems.Analysis of the data showed a cumulative effect of adverse childhood experiences, meaning that patients who reported exposure to more childhood adversity also showed more severe internalizing and externalizing mental health problems, a significant increase in both posttraumatic stress disorder and mood disorder diagnoses, and a general increase in psychiatric comorbidities.

A qualitative evaluation of the use of Problem Management Plus (PM+) among Arabic-speaking migrants with psychological distress in France - The APEX study.

ABSTRACTBackground: Feasibility studies with non-French speaking migrants in France are needed to inform appropriate adaptation of psychosocial intervention procedures.Objective: To test the WHO Problem Management Plus (PM+) intervention protocol for Arabic-speaking migrants in the Paris metropolitan region.Methods: Between 2019 and 2021 we recruited participants from three accommodation centres receiving asylum seekers or migrants experiencing social and economic difficulties. Participants experiencing psychological distress underwent five PM + sessions with trained helpers. Feasibility was evaluated through 15 interviews with 8 participants, 4 helpers, and 3 study supervisors. Interview topics covered PM + implementation in general and for each component. We also sought to understand problems with delivery and gathered suggestions for improvement. Data were analysed thematically using a deductive approach.Results: We found implementation of PM + to be feasible, with predominantly positive reactions from participants, helpers and study staff. All intervention components were considered beneficial, with breathing exercises considered easy to implement and often sustained. Selection of problems and strategies to address them were described as challenging to execute. Psychosocial support from and rapport with helpers and the use of the native language were considered key strengths of the programme. However, we observed the need for complementary or higher intensity psychological support in some cases. Findings also highlighted the importance of addressing distress among non-specialist helpers delivering PM + . Finally, local guidance to social resources were suggested to be added in the protocol.Conclusion: PM + was well-liked and feasible, with cultural adjustments and increased access to community resources for migrants needed.

The World Health Organization Problem Management Plus (PM+) intervention was found to be a feasible and acceptable intervention for Arabic-speaking migrants in the Paris metropolitan region, with participants reporting improved mental health outcomes and satisfaction with the programme.The features of psychosocial support from and rapport with non-specialist helpers delivering PM + and the use of the native language were considered key strengths of the programme.The study documented perceived benefits of expanding PM + in scope and length, suggests the need for additional mental health services for non-specialist helpers, and highlights the importance of considering cultural and linguistic factors when providing mental health services to asylum seekers or migrants experiencing social and economic difficulties.

Stigma towards Child and Adolescent Mental Health Problems among Fathers and Mothers. A Cross-sectional Study / [El estigma de los padres y madres hacia los problemas de salud mental de niños y adolescentes. Un estudio transversal]

Background: Stigma toward child and adolescent mental health problems among parents has been understudied, despite its importance. Method: Sociodemographic variables, stigma associated with mental health problems in childhood and adolescence, myths about suicide, familiarity with mental health, and seeking professional help were assessed in a cross-sectional study in a Spanish sample (N = 268). Descriptive analyses, mean difference and regression models were carried out. Results: The results reveal medium levels of stigma, the presence of myths about suicide and average familiarity with mental health. Mothers and a higher level of education, showed lower levels of stigma and fewer myths about suicide. A regression model explains the 44% of the variance with myths about suicide, stigma and familiarity with mental health as predictors of seeking professional help attitudes. Conclusions: Stigma, myths surrounding suicide, and parental unfamiliarity with mental health may act as barriers to appropriate diagnosis and treatment. Practical implications and recommendations are discussed.(AU)

Antecedentes: La estigmatización de los problemas de salud mental en niños y adolescentes en los padres y madres no se ha estudiado lo suficiente a pesar de su importancia. Método: Se evaluaron variables sociodemográficas, el estigma asociado con los problemas de salud mental en la infancia y la adolescencia, mitos sobre el suicidio, conocimiento de la salud mental y la búsqueda de ayuda profesional en un estudio exploratorio transversal en una muestra española de padres y madres (N = 268). Se realizaron análisis descriptivos, de diferencia de medias y modelos de regresión. Resultados: Los resultados revelan un nivel medio de estigma, la presencia de mitos sobre el suicidio y un conocimiento medio con la salud mental. Las madres y un mayor nivel educativo mostraron menores niveles de estigma y menos mitos sobre el suicidio. El 44% de la varianza de la búsqueda de ayuda profesional se explica a través de los mitos sobre el suicidio, el estigma y el conocimiento de la salud mental como predictores de las actitudes de búsqueda de ayuda profesional. Conclusiones: Se establecen recomendaciones prácticas, subrayando cómo el estigma, los mitos sobre el suicidio y la falta de conocimiento de los progenitores de la salud mental pueden actuar como barreras para un diagnóstico y tratamiento adecuados. Se discuten las implicaciones prácticas y las recomendaciones.(AU)

Suicidio consumado en Gran Canaria en el periodo 2017-2022 y su relación con antecedentes de trastorno mental / Consummated suicide in Gran Canaria in the period 2017-2022, and its relationship with a history of mental disorder

Introducción el suicidio sigue siendo una de las principales causas de muerte en todo el mundo. Debido a la relación entre la conducta suicida y el trastorno mental, nuestro objetivo es determinar el número de personas que recibían atención por la Red de Salud Mental entre el total de suicidios consumados entre 2017 y 2022 en Gran Canaria, así como las características de dicha población y de la atención recibida. Material y métodos estudio longitudinal observacional retrospectivo en el que la población de estudio fue extraída del total de suicidios de la base de datos del Instituto de Medicina Legal de Gran Canaria. Posteriormente, los datos fueron cotejados por las bases de datos de la Red de Salud Mental. Por último, se realizó un análisis estadístico univariante y los resultados fueron comparados en función del sexo y la atención en la Unidad de Salud Mental Comunitaria. Resultados solo un 39,4% había recibido atención por parte de la unidad de salud mental, siendo la mayoría mujeres (55,3% vs. 34,6%), con una media de edad de 50,9 años para ambos sexos. Los antecedentes de intentos previos fueron mucho más frecuentes en la población que recibía atención (45,4% vs. 7%), así como la atención en urgencias (42% vs. 5,7%) y los ingresos hospitalarios (25,3% vs. 0,7%). Conclusión menos de la mitad de las personas fallecidas tuvieron contacto con una unidad de salud mental comunitaria. Además, la atención por esta es mayor entre aquellas personas con intentos previos y entre el sexo femenino, siendo el diagnóstico más frecuente el de los trastornos afectivos monopolares. (AU)

Introduction Suicide remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Due to the relationship between suicidal behavior and mental disorder, our aim is to determine the number of people who received care by the Mental Health Network among the total number of suicides consummated between 2017 and 2022 in Gran Canaria, as well as the characteristics of that population and the care received. Material and methods Longitudinal observational retrospective study in which the study population was extracted from the total number of suicides in the database of the Legal Medicine Institute. Subsequently, the data were cross-checked by the Mental Health Network databases. Finally, a univariate statistical analysis was carried out and the results were compared according to sex and care in the Community Mental Health Unit. Results Only 39.4% had received care at the Mental Health Unit, the majority being women (55.3% vs. 34.6%), with a mean age of 50.9 years for both sexes. History of previous attempts was much more frequent in the population receiving care (45.4% vs. 7%), as well as emergency care (42% vs. 5.7%) and hospital admissions (25.3% vs. 0.7%). Conclusion Less than half of the deceased persons had contact with a Community Mental Health Unit. In addition, care by this unit was higher among those with previous attempts and among the female sex, with the most frequent diagnosis being monopolar affective disorders. (AU)

Ayahuasca e saúde mental: efeitos do seu uso associado a casos de depressão / Ayahuasca and mental health: effects of its use in association with depresion cases / Ayahuasca y salud mental: efectos de sue uso en asociación con casos de depressión

O aumento de casos de depressão na população mundial leva ao questionamento sobre a eficácia dos tratamentos farmacológicos e fomenta a busca por tratamentos alternativos. Estudos a respeito da ayahuasca e seus efeitos na depressão vêm sendo realizados. Por meio de uma revisão integrativa, a partir da questão norteadora: "Quais são os efeitos da ayahuasca em indivíduos com depressão?", neste estudo buscou-se: (1) identificar potenciais usos terapêuticos do chá de ayahuasca; (2) analisar as características de segurança e riscos à saúde no seu uso; (3) investigar se o contexto do uso influencia seus efeitos. A busca de artigos foi realizada nas bases BVS e PubMed, produzidos entre 2017-2022, resultando em 8 artigos para análise. Os estudos evidenciaram efeitos antidepressivos advindos das interações neuroquímicas e das experiências psicológicas por meio da ayahuasca e apresentaram que a segurança e potencial terapêutico estão atrelados ao contexto de uso e à dosagem ingerida do chá (AU).

The increase in cases of depression in the world's population leads to questioning the effectiveness of pharmacological treatments and encourages the search for alternative treatments. Studies about ayahuasca andyour effectsondepressionhavebeenconducted. Guided by the question: "What are the effects of ayahuasca in individuals with depression?" this study was a integrativereview that aimed to: (1) identify potential therapeutic uses of ayahuasca tea;(2) analyzethesafetycharacteristics andhealthrisks inyour use; (3) investigatewhetherthecontextofuseinfluences your effects.The search for articles was conducted in the BVS and PubMed databases, produced between 2017-2022, resulting in 8 articles for analysis. Thestudies showed antidepressanteffectsresultingfromneurochemical interactions andpsychologicalexperiences as results of the use of ayahuasca and showed that the safety and therapeutic potential are linked to the context of use and the ingested dosage of the tea (AU).

El aumento de los casos de depresión en la población mundial lleva a cuestionar la eficacia de los tratamientos farmacológicos y fomenta la búsqueda de tratamientos alternativos. Se han realizado estudios sobre la ayahuasca y sus efectos sobre la depresión. Por medio de la cuestión: "¿Cuáles son los efectos de la ayahuasca en personas con depresión?", este estudio de revisión integrativabuscó: (1) identificar los usos terapéuticos potenciales del té de ayahuasca; (2) analizar las características de seguridad y los riesgos para la salud en su uso; (3) investigar si el contexto de uso influye en sus efectos. La búsqueda de artículos se realizó en las bases de datos BVS y PubMed, producidas entre 2017-2022, resultando 8 artículos para análisis. Fueron observados en los estudios efectos antidepresivos advenidos de la ayahuasca y que la seguridad y potencial terapéutico están vinculados al contexto de uso y la dosis ingerida del té (AU).

Prevalencia de enfermedad psiquiátrica entre los suicidios consumados en la provincia de Badajoz en el periodo 2015-2017 / Prevalence of psychiatric pathology among completed suicides in the province of Badajoz in the period 2015-2017

Se realiza un estudio en 157 sujetos que durante el periodo establecido entre el 1 de julio de 2015 y el 31 de diciembre de 2017 cometieron un suicidio consumado en la provincia de Badajoz, para investigar qué porcentaje de los suicidios consumados tenían antecedentes de enfermedad mental. Los resultados indican que existe una menor relación de la esperable entre el acto suicida y la presencia de antecedentes personales psiquiátricos, ya que estos solo aparecen en dos quintas partes de la muestra. Si existen estos, el diagnóstico más frecuente es el de trastorno depresivo y el tratamiento con mayor frecuencia, antidepresivos. Estos datos contrastan con otros recogidos en la literatura que hablan de porcentajes mucho más altos de enfermedad psiquiátrica en sujetos que cometen suicidio. (AU)

A study is carried out in 157 subjects who during the period established between July 01, 2015 and December 31, 2017 committed a consummated suicide in the province of Badajoz to investigate what percentage of consummated suicides had a history of mental pathology. The results indicate that there is a lower-than-expected relationship between the suicidal act and the presence of a personal psychiatric history, as these only appear in two-fifths of the sample. If they do exist, the most frequent diagnosis is depressive disorder and the most frequent treatment is antidepressants. These data contrast with other data collected in the literature that report much higher percentages of psychiatric pathology in subjects who commit suicide. (AU)

Efectos de la pandemia de COVID-19 sobre la salud mental de niños y adolescentes: revisión sistemática y meta-análisis / Effects of the covid-19 pandemic on the mental health of children and adolescents: systematic review and meta-analysis

Introducción: La enfermedad por COVID-19 ha afectado a millones de personas en todo el mundo y ha planteado un desafío sin precedentes a los sistemas de salud, provocando medidas como el distanciamiento social y el confinamiento domiciliario, que han afectado a la vida diaria y las relaciones sociales de la población. El objetivo principal de este artículo fue examinar las consecuencias de estas circunstancias en la salud mental infanto-juvenil. Método: Se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura científica disponible en PubMed, PsycINFO, Embase y ScinceDirect, de acuerdo con las recomendaciones de la Declaración PRISMA. La selección de los estudios se realizó en base a los siguientes criterios: estudios de investigación originales, con un diseño metodológico prospectivo, publicados a partir del año 2020 y que en sus resultados evaluaran mediante escalas niveles de depresión, estrés, ansiedad y/o problemas conductuales de la población infanto-juvenil durante la pandemia por SARS-CoV-2. Resultados: De los 334 estudios identificados, 14 cumplían los criterios establecidos para ser incluidos en esta revisión. Se agruparon los resultados en sintomatología internalizante y externalizante. En relación a la sintomatología internalizante, la diferencia de medias pre-post, analizada mediante la d de Cohen, fue de 0.172 (0.036; 0.308) siendo significativa (p = 0.0131). Por el contrario, no se objetivaron diferencias significativas en la sintomatología externalizante (p = 0.7314).Conclusiones: Durante la pandemia se observó un aumento de la sintomatología internalizante, pero no de la externalizante, en niños y adolescentes. Al mismo tiempo, se observaron variaciones que sugieren que el efecto podría estar modulado por factores individuales y contextuales.(AU)

Introduction: COVID-19 disease has affected millions of people worldwide and has posed an unprecedented challenge to health systems, leading to measures such as social distancing and home confinement that have affected the daily life and social relationships of the population. This article reviews the consequences of these circumstances on child and adolescent mental health. Methods: A systematic review of the scientific literature available in PubMed, PsycINFO, Embase and ScinceDirect was carried out, in accordance with the recommendations of the PRISMA Declaration. The selection of studies followed the following criteria: original research studies with a prospective methodological design published from the year 2020 and whose results evaluated levels of depression, stress, anxiety and/or behavioral problems in the child and adolescent population during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic using clinical scales. Results: Of the 334 studies identified, 14 met the criteria established to be included in this review. Results were grouped into internalizing and externalizing symptomatology. In relation to internalizing symptomatology the mean difference pre-post analyzed using Cohen’s d was 0.172 (0.036; 0.308), which was significant (p = 0.0131). No significant differences were observed in externalizing symptomatology (p = 0.7314). Conclusions: During the pandemic an increase in internalizing symptoms was observed, but not in externalizing symptoms, in children and adolescents. Also were observed variations suggesting that the effect could be modulated by individual and contextual factors.(AU)

Percepción del uso del humor por parte de enfermeras y pacientes en los servicios de salud mental / Perception of the use of humour by nurses and patients at Mental Health Units

Objetivo: conocer, en función de la literatura disponible, el significado del sentido del humor entre enfermeras y pacientes en el contexto de servicios de salud mental, así como determinar los factores que facilitan o dificultan el uso del sentido del humor en las unidades de salud mental. Métodos: se llevó a cabo una revisión narrativa en el periodo 2022-2023. Las búsquedas se realizaron en Pubmed, PsycINFO, LILACS y CINAHL, usando los descriptores: “Nurse-patient relations”, “mental health”, “wit and humor as topic”, "psychiatric nursing”. Se incluyeron todo tipo de documentos que abordaran el tema según los objetivos, publicados desde 2012 hasta noviembre de 2022 en inglés, español o portugués. Se añadió un artículo traducido del coreano por su relevancia. Resultados: se incluyeron 10 manuscritos en la revisión. Los hallazgos sugieren que el sentido del humor se percibe como una herramienta esencial para fortalecer la relación entre enfermeras y pacientes en entornos psiquiátricos. No obstante, se destaca la existencia de factores que podrían conducir a un uso inapropiado del humor, llevando a la deshumanización de la atención y la posible ruptura del vínculo terapéutico. Conclusiones: es importante considerar cuidadosamente el empleo del humor en el contexto de la salud mental, para garantizar su efectividad sin comprometer la calidad asistencial. (AU)

Objective: based on the literature available, to understand the meaning of sense of humour between nurses and patients in the setting of Mental Health Units, as well as to determine the factors that facilitate its use, o make it difficult. Methods: a narrative review was conducted during the 2022-2023 period. Searches were conducted in Pubmed, PsycINFO, LILACS and CINAHL, using the descriptors: “Nurse-patient relations”, “mental health”, “wit and humor as topic”, “psychiatric nursing”. All type of documents addressing this matter according to the objectives were included, published from 2012 until November 2022 in English, Spanish or Portuguese. An article translated from Korean was added due to its relevance. Results: ten (10) manuscripts were included in the review. Findings suggested that sense of humour was perceived as an essential tool in order to strengthen the relations between nurses and patients in psychiatric settings. However, it was highlighted that there are factors which could induce an inadequate use of humour, leading to dehumanization in care and a potential breach in the therapeutic link. Conclusions: it is important to carefully consider the use of humour in the mental health setting, in order to guarantee its effectiveness without compromising the quality of care. (AU)

Evaluación de una intervención grupal basada en mindfulness en pacientes con ansiedad y depresión atendidos en un centro comunitario de salud mental: estudio cuasi experimental / Evaluation of a group intervention based on Mindfulness in patients with anxiety and depression cared for in mental health community center: a quasy-experimental study

Objetivo: Evaluar la efectividad de una intervención grupal basada en mindfulness en pacientes con ansiedad y depresión atendidos en un centro de salud mental comunitario. Secundariamente, valorar la calidad de vida y la adherencia a la intervención. Método: Estudio cuasi experimental con evaluaciones pre y postintervención llevado a cabo entre marzo de 2015 y diciembre de 2019 en personas mayores de 18 años atendidas en el Centro de Salud Mental de Adultos (CSMA) de Les Corts, Barcelona. Como criterios de inclusión se tomaron en cuenta: 1) sintomatología de ansiedad (Escala de Ansiedad de Hamilton [HARS] > 10 puntos) y 2) firma de consentimiento informado. Las variables recogidas fueron 1) ansiedad, 2) depresión (Inventario de Depresión de Beck [BDI]), 3) calidad de vida (EuroQoL [EQ-5D]) y 4) adherencia a la intervención. La intervención fue de nueve sesiones semanales de 75 min y fue realizada por dos enfermeras. Cada grupo estaba formado por 10-15 pacientes. Resultados: Un total de 128 usuarios fueron incluidos, de los cuales 103 eran mujeres con una edad media de 52,23 (desviación estándar [DE] 12,78). Al comparar medidas pre y post, se observaron mejoras en relación con la sintomatología ansiosa, depresiva y la calidad de vida general (p<0,001) y sus dimensiones de ansiedad-depresión (EQ-5D) (p=0,003). La media de sesiones asistidas fue de 6,17 (DE 2,31) y estaban correlacionadas de forma estadísticamente significativa y positiva con una mejora de la sintomatología ansiosa (p<0,001) y depresiva (p=0,021). No se observaron diferencias entre grupos de edad. Conclusiones: La intervención grupal basada en mindfulness mejora la sintomatología ansiosa y depresiva, así como la calidad de vida. Esto se asocia con una mayor adherencia a la intervención.(AU)

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of a group intervention based on Mindfulness in patients with anxiety and depression treated in a community mental health center. Secondarily, to evaluate quality of life and adherence to the intervention. Methods: Quasi-experimental study with evaluations pre-post intervention in people over 18 years of age treated at the Les Corts Adult Mental Health Center (AMHC), Barcelona, between March 2015 and December 2019. Inclusion criteria: 1) anxiety symptoms (Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale > 10 points); 2) sign informed consent. Variables collected: 1) anxiety; 2) depression (Beck Depression Inventory); 3) quality of life (EuroQoL [EQ-5D]) and 4) adherence to the intervention. The intervention (9 weekly sessions; 75 minutes) was carried out by two nurses. Each group consisted of 10-15 patients. Results: 128 patients were included, of which 103 were women with a mean age of 52.23 years (SD 12.78). Comparisons pre and post measures, its showed improvements in relation to anxiety, depressive symptoms and general quality of life (p<0.001) and in its dimensions of anxiety-depression (EQ-5D) (p=0.003). The mean number of sessions attended was 6.17 (SD 2.31), and they were statistically significant and positively correlated with an improvement in anxiety (p<0.001) and depressive symptoms (p=0.021). There were no differences between age groups. Conclusion: The intervention group based on Mindfulness improves anxiety and depressive symptoms, as well as the quality of life. This improvement in the symptomatology is associated with a greater adherence to the intervention.(AU)

Acompañar una doble hospitalización en pandemia: la experiencia de padres con bebés hospitalizados mientras las madres se encuentran hospitalizadas por COVID-19 / Supporting a double hospitalization during the pandemic: The experience of fathers whose infants were hospitalized while their mothers were also hospitalized due to COVID-19

Introducción. La hospitalización de un hijo en la unidad de pacientes críticos neonatal puede ser altamente estresante para padres y madres, lo cual se intensificó en el contexto de la pandemia por COVID-19. A la fecha, no se han encontrado estudios que describan la experiencia de padres que vivieron la doble hospitalización simultánea de su pareja y de su hijo/a al nacer, durante la pandemia por COVID-19. Objetivos. Explorar la vivencia de los padres de tener a sus hijos/as hospitalizados en Neonatología mientras su pareja se encontraba hospitalizada por agravamiento de COVID-19. Población y método. Cuatro entrevistas semiestructuradas fueron realizadas y analizadas mediante un análisis interpretativo fenomenológico. Resultados. Se identificaron cuatro momentos cuando surgieron emociones específicas: a) inicio del contagio, b) hospitalización de la pareja, c) nacimiento del bebé y d) hospitalización del bebé. Culpa, miedo, angustia de muerte, soledad e incertidumbre aparecen muy tempranamente y luego se combinan con emociones como felicidad y empoderamiento, entre otras. La falta de contacto físico con sus parejas e hijos, y las fallas en la comunicación con los equipos de salud se destacan como factores que obstaculizan el ejercicio del rol paternal, mientras que una comunicación fluida con el equipo y una participación activa en los cuidados del bebé son factores protectores. Los padres cumplen una multiplicidad de roles, en la que prima el rol protector. Conclusiones. La comunicación y la atención centrada en la familia, y la participación activa en los cuidados de los bebés tienen el potencial de proteger contra el impacto de esta experiencia compleja de doble hospitalización.

Introduction. The hospitalization of a baby in the neonatal intensive care unit may be highly stressful for both mothers and fathers, and this was even more intense in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.To date, no studies have been found that describe the experience of fathers who underwent the simultaneous hospitalization of their partner and newborn infant during the COVID-19 pandemic. Objectives. To explore the experience of fathers who had their babies hospitalized in the Neonatal Unit while their partner were hospitalized due to worsening of COVID-19. Population and method. Four semi-structured interviews were conducted and analyzed using an interpretative phenomenological analysis. Results. Four moments were identified when specific emotions arose: a) onset of infection, b) partner hospitalization, c) baby birth, and d) baby hospitalization. Guilt, fear, death anxiety, loneliness, and uncertainty appear very early and are later combined with emotions such as happiness and empowerment, among others. The lack of physical contact with their partners and babies and failures in communication with the health care team stand out as factors that hinder the exercise of the paternal role, while an effective communication with the health care team and active participation in the baby's care are protective factors. Fathers fulfill multiple roles, the most important of which is their role as protectors. Conclusions. Family-centered communication and care and active involvement in baby care may potentially protect against the impact of this complex experience of double hospitalization.